Initial spelling begins with an understanding of how the sounds within a word are represented in print using letters and letter combinations. However, due to the complexity of English, as students’ literacy skills develop, a knowledge of etymology (the history … Continued
Homographs are words that are spelled the same, but have more than one meanings (e.g., bat – the animal – and bat – used for hitting). If the word is also pronounced differently, it is a heteronym. Often heteronyms are … Continued
Graber and Morales (2023) provide and overview of fluency and prosody and suggest some research-based strategies teachers can use. This post provides an overview of their key points. Relationship between fluency and prosody Assessing prosody Shifting instructional focus Assessment Results … Continued
The ‘go to’ strategy for many poor readers is to guess unknown words, often based on the first few letters of the word. For example, they may read ‘super’ instead of ‘surprise’ or ‘purpose’ instead of ‘pursue’. The substitute words … Continued
The vowels are ‘a’, ‘e’, ‘i’, ‘o’, ‘u’ and sometimes ‘y’ acts as a vowel (‘y’ acts as a vowel when it sounds like a vowel – sunny, sky, pyramid). A short vowel is the basic common sound given to … Continued